Measurement of the wave characteristics of a film under the effect of external perturbations

The effect of artificial perturbations on structure formation in the water film flow over a vertical plate with a heater was studied experimentally. To measure the film thickness an eight-channel capacitance probe was used. It is shown that artificial perturbations on the liquid film surface can change the distance between rivulets from the values corresponding to the thermocapillary-wave regime of rivulet formation to the values related to the thermocapillary regime. The distance between the rivulets can be changed at Reynolds numbers higher than those corresponding to the thermocapillary regime. Artificial perturbations do not change significantly the relative amplitude of large waves, but they affect the character of amplitude dependence on the heat flux density. The work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grants Nos. 05-08-33325-a, 06-01-00360-a) and SB RAS (Interdisciplinary Integration Project No. 111).     

胞嘧啶在沉积激光烧蚀Ag纳米颗粒电极上的SERS分析

用Nd:YAG激光器在二次去离子水中烧蚀银片,制备出了尺度分布均匀、并且具有很好的稳定性的"化学纯净"的Ag胶体系,并在电化学体系中将这种银胶沉积在粗糙的银电极表面,研究了胞嘧啶分子吸附在沉积Ag纳米颗粒电极表面随电极电位改变的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)。分析表明:(1)沉积银纳米颗粒的电极将金属电极与金属溶胶体系各自的优势很好的结合起来,形成了一种高效的SERS活性基底。(2)胞嘧啶在沉积银颗粒的电极表面以N3位竖直吸附,并且随着电位的负移,大多数SERS峰的位置发生了红移,表明胞嘧啶在电极表面吸附作用减弱。     

相变区硅薄膜拉曼和红外光谱分析

采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)技术制备了一系列不同氢稀释率下的硅薄膜,采用拉曼散射光谱和傅里叶红外光谱技术研究了非晶/微晶相变区硅薄膜的微观结构变化,将次晶结构(paracrystalline structure)引入到非晶/微晶相变区硅薄膜结构中,提出了次晶粒体积分数(f_p),用来表征硅薄膜中程有序程度。结果表明,氢稀释率的提高导致硅薄膜经历了从非晶硅到微晶硅的相变过程,在相变区靠近非晶相的一侧,硅薄膜表现出氢含量高、结构致密和中程有序度高等特性,氢在薄膜的生长中主要起到表面钝化作用。在相变区靠近微晶相的一侧,硅薄膜具有氢含量低、晶化率高和界面体积分数小等特性,揭示了氢的刻蚀作用主控了薄膜生长过程。采用扫描电子显微镜对样品薄膜的表面形貌进行分析,验证了拉曼散射光谱和傅里叶红外光谱的分析结果。非晶/微晶相变区尤其是相变区边缘硅薄膜结构特性优良,在太阳能电池应用中适合用作硅基薄膜电池本征层。     

往复条件下织构表面的摩擦学性能研究

为研究往复运动条件下织构表面的润滑减摩性能,选取销-盘式摩擦副,考察了0%、7%、11%和20% 4种织构密度在不同的速度下对摩擦系数的影响规律。结果表明：表面织构的引入使摩擦副在较低的速度下进入流体润滑区域,扩大了流体润滑区域的范围,这与摩擦副在相对转动条件下的结论一致;处于流体润滑区域的织构表面的摩擦系数不一定小于同等工况条件下处于混合润滑区域的无织构表面的摩擦系数;当无织构表面处于流体润滑区域时,试验所涉及的同等工况条件下的不同织构密度表面反而增大了摩擦系数。研究结果也说明了在对表面织构进行摩擦学设计时,应当考虑摩擦副的运动形式因素。     

Nonisothermal bulk crystallization studies of high density polyethylene using light depolarizing microscopy

The quiescent nonisothermal bulk crystallization kinetics of two high-density polyethylene resins were investigated by a modified light-depolarizing microscopy (LDM) technique. The technique allows studies at average cooling rates up to 2500°C/min. The polymer was found to crystallize at a pseudo-isothermal temperature even at these very high cooling rates. The overall bulk crystallization rate increased rapidly as the cooling rate and supercooling increased. Crystallization kinetics was analyzed by Avrami analysis. Avrami exponents near 3 suggested spherical growth geometry and instantaneous nucleation at predetermined sites. Observation of spherulites by optical microscopy together with a number density of spherulites that changed little with increase in cooling rate or supercooling supported this model of crystallization behavior. Analysis of the half-time of crystallization based on the Lauritzen and Hoffman secondary nucleation theory indicated that the regime II-III transition was found to occur at a degree of supercooling of approximately 22°C. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 681–692, 1998     

A fractional tumor-growth model and the determination of the power law for different cancers based on data fitting

We study a fractional model for tumor growth and derive its general solution, the blow-up time and the radius of convergence. The model is simplified then to fit human data. The results show that there is a noticeable variation in the value of the scaling exponent depending on whether the model is fractional or integer. This supports the idea that the inclusion of memory effects may become relevant in the study of tumor growth via the scaling exponent.     

Burning Graphite Faster than Carbon Black: A Case of Diffusion Control

External diffusion may be exploited as a tool to purify materials in a way thought to be inaccessible from a chemical reactivity point of view. A mixture of two carbonaceous materials, graphite and carbon black, are thermally oxidized in either i) outside total diffusion-limited regime or ii) total diffusion-limited regime. Depending on the treatment applied it is possible to purify either graphite, a trivial task, or carbon black, a task thought impossible. Introducing geometrical selectivity, controlled total diffusion-limited chemistry exceeds by far the field of carbon materials and can be used as an engineering tool for many materials purification, original synthesis, or to introduce asymmetry in a system. Several examples for direct applications of the findings are mentioned.